What is the role of the axon in a neuron?

The axon in a neuron serves the critical function of transmitting signals away from the neuron's cell body. It is a long, slender projection that propagates electrical impulses, known as action potentials, to communicate with other neurons or target tissues. This transmission of nerve impulses is essential for the functioning of the nervous system, as it allows for the rapid conveyance of information across various parts of the body.

When a neuron is activated, the action potential travels along the axon toward the axon terminals, where it may trigger the release of neurotransmitters, enabling communication with other neurons or muscle cells. This characteristic of the axon to carry impulses away from the cell body is crucial for both reflex actions and complex neural functions, as it forms the basis for communication in neural networks. Understanding this role highlights the axon's importance in the overall functioning of the nervous system.