What happens at the cathode in an electrochemical reaction?

In an electrochemical reaction, the cathode is where reduction occurs. This means that electrons are gained by the species present at the cathode, resulting in a decrease in its oxidation state. Additionally, the cathode is negatively charged because it attracts cations (positively charged ions) from the solution or from the anode, allowing them to accept electrons and undergo reduction.

At the cathode, the flow of electrons from the external circuit to the species in solution leads to chemical changes consistent with reduction. This dual aspect of gaining electrons and being negatively charged is fundamental in understanding electrochemical cells, including batteries and electrolytic systems.

Understanding the roles of the anode and cathode is essential when studying electrochemical processes, and this concept is often a critical part of both theoretical and practical applications in beauty therapy and related fields, like electrolysis for hair removal.